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INTERNATIONAL

STANDARD

ISO

Third edition

1997-12-15

Information and documentation — Rules for

the abbreviation of title words and titles of

publications

Information et documentation — Règles pour l'abréviation des mots dans

les titres et des titres des publications

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Reference number

ISO 4:1997(E)

Foreword

ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide

federation of national standards organizations (ISO member bodies). The

work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through

ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for

which a technical committee has been established has the right to be

represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental

and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO

collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission

(IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.

Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are

circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International

Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting

a vote.

International Standard ISO 4 was prepared by Technical Committee

ISO/TC 46,

Information and documentation,

Subcommittee SC 9,

Presentation, identification and description of documents.

This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition (ISO 4:1984), of

which it constitutes a technical revision.

Annex A of this International Standard is for information only.

or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and

microfilm, without permission in writing from the publisher.

International Organization for Standardization

Case postale 56

•

CH-1211 Genève 20

•

Switzerland

Internet

central@iso.ch

X.400

c=ch; a=400net; p=iso; o=isocs; s=central

Printed in Switzerland

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ISO

ISO 4:1997(E)

Introduction

The rules contained herein are applicable to the abbreviation of the titles of

serials and, if appropriate, of non-serial publications. They are intended to

guide and assist authors, editors, librarians, and others working in various

fields of information transfer in preparing unambiguous abbreviations for

the titles of publications cited, for example, in footnotes, references and

bibliographies. Such citations include those produced by abstracting and

indexing services, lists of references accompanying articles, and public or

private files where document identification is a concern.

Owing to the large number of different serial and non-serial publications

subject to reference by abbreviated citation, the many different languages

in which they are published, the different ways of recording them and the

widely diversified backgrounds of persons using title abbreviations, it is not

possible to set down rules that will in every instance assure unassisted

reconstruction of the original titles of the publications cited in abbreviated

form. As one way to facilitate this identification, authors and editors who

make extensive use of title abbreviations in their publications are urged to

make available to their readers, at frequent intervals, lists of the

abbreviated titles they use, with corresponding equivalent unabbreviated

titles.

The basic principle underlying this International Standard is that each title

should have its own unique abbreviation. This is to be achieved through

application of the rules provided by this International Standard in

conjunction with a list of standardized title word abbreviations. It is

recognized that for international information exchange an international

system for the establishment of unique title abbreviations of serials is also

necessary. By this arrangement, no two titles will have identical

abbreviations, nor will a single abbreviation represent more than one title.

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iii

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INTERNATIONAL STANDARD

ISO

ISO 4:1997(E)

Information and documentation — Rules for the

abbreviation of title words and titles of publications

Scope

This International Standard gives rules for abbreviating titles of serials and, if appropriate, non-serial documents in

languages using the Latin, Cyrillic and Greek alphabets. This International Standard also serves as the basis for the

establishment of title word abbreviations by the ISSN Network.

Definitions

For the purposes of this International Standard, the following definitions apply.

2.1

abbreviation:

Abbreviated term resulting from the omission of some of its letters. [Adapted from

ISO 1087:1990]

abbreviated qualifying element:

Abbreviated element added to an abbreviated title in order to make the

abbreviated title unique.

acronym:

Abbreviated

complex term

made up of letters from the full form of a term and strung together

into a sequence pronounced only syllabically. [ISO 1087:1990]

EXAMPLE:

2.4

ALGOL =

algorithmic language.

2.2

2.3

affix: Morpheme

which is neither a

stem

nor an ending but which is attached to the stem in order to

change its meaning or its lexical or grammatical category. [ISO 1087:1990]

artificial word:

Word created for a special purpose and not normally found in dictionaries.

complex term:

[ISO 1087:1990]

Term consisting of two or more

stems

with or without other term elements.

2.5

2.6

2.7

2.8

2.9

2.10

2.11

compound word:

Word whose component parts are themselves words or combined forms.

contraction:

Shortening of a word, syllable, or word group by omission of internal letters.

corporate body:

Organization or group of persons identified by a particular name.

derivative:

Word formed by the addition of one or more

affixes

to a

stem.

[ISO 1087:1990]

generic term:

Word or a group of words in a title that indicate the kind and/or frequency of a publication.

EXAMPLES: Abhandlungen, annales, Berichte, bulletin, cahier, annual report, compte rendu, proceedings,

yearbook.

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