Scientific American 2024 09.pdf
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Pobierz
Quantum
Spacetime
New Hope for
Pain Relief
Cleaning Up
Greenhouse Gases
What
Was
It Like
to Be a
Dinosaur?
New insights into their
senses, perceptions
and behaviors
SEPTEMBER 2024
SCIENTIfICAMERICAN.CoM
© 2024 Scientific American
CONTENTS
SEPTEMBER 2024
VOLUME 331, NUMBER 2
FEATURES
EVOLUTION
22
WHAT WAS IT LIKE
TO BE A DINOSAUR?
new fossils and analytical tools provide
unprecedented insights into dinosaur
sensory perception.
BY AMY M. BALANOFF AND
DANIEL T. KSEPKA
ASTROPHYSICS
30
WHAT IF WE NEVER FIND
DARK MATTER?
physicists are chasing an increasingly
elusive quarry.
BY TRACY R. SLATYER
AND TIM M. P. TAIT
TECHNOLOGY
38
OUT OF THIN AIR
tech firms, oil companies and the U.S.
government are investing billions of
dollars in technology to suck co
2
out
of the atmosphere. can it save the
warming world?
BY ALEC LUHN
BIOMEDICINE
50
THE END OF THE LAB RAT?
replacing research animals with
tools that better mimic human biology
could improve medicine.
BY RACHEL NUWER
MEDICINE
56
A NEW TYPE OF PAIN PILL
A novel drug blocks pain signals before
they reach the brain, and it doesn’t carry
the addiction potential of opioids.
BY MARLA BROADFOOT
PHYSICS
64
QUANTUM SPACETIME
proposed experiments would search
for signs that space and time obey
quantum rules.
BY NICK HUGGETT
AND CARLO ROVELLI
Photograph by Spencer Lowell
ON THE COVER
Advances in imaging technology have allowed
scientists to assess brain size and shape in
dinosaurs. Such work has provided fascinating
insights into dinosaur intelligence and sensory
perception. Researchers are finally beginning to
piece together how creatures such as
T. rex
saw,
heard and smelled the world around them.
Illustration by Beth Zaiken
Se p t e m ber 2 02 4
Sc i e n t i f ic A m er ic A n.com
1
© 2024 Scientific American
CONTENTS
SEPTEMBER 2024
VOLUME 331, NUMBER 2
4
FROM THE EDITOR
5
CONTRIBUTORS
8
LETTERS
10
ADVANCES
elephants calling one another by name. pupil
size’s connection to memory. “Spider” features
on the moon. A slime mold’s view of the universe.
72
SCIENCE AGENDA
the opportunities to make a difference in local
government are enormous.
BY THE EDITORS
75
FORUM
With our climate crisis on earth, can
we afford to spend so much on space?
BY SEVEN RASMUSSEN
76
THE SCIENCE OF HEALTH
A lot of older people remain mentally sharp and
outpace younger adults in certain abilities,
countering stereotypes of the doddering elderly.
BY LYDIA DENWORTH
78
MIND MATTERS
curiosity makes people hungry for knowledge—
but not always in a hurry.
BY ABBY HSIUNG, JIA-HOU POH,
SCOTT HUETTEL AND ALISON ADCOCK
79
THE UNIVERSE
75
Supernovas in nearby space can affect
planet earth.
BY PHIL PLAIT
82
MATH
Ada Lovelace, sometimes called the world’s
first computer programmer, foresaw the potential
of analytical machines.
BY JACK MURTAGH
84
Q&A
How mass bleaching events threaten
corals worldwide.
BY MEGHAN BARTELS
86
OBSERVATORY
Science means being able to admit you
were wrong.
BY NAOMI ORESKES
87
METER
79
the poetry of a rocket launch.
BY JULIE DILLEMUTH
88
REVIEWS
Scientific American (ISSN 0036-8733), Volume 331, Number 2, September 2024, published monthly, except for a July/August
issue, by Scientific American, a division of Springer Nature America, Inc., 1 New York Plaza, Suite 4600, New York, N.Y. 10004-
1562. Periodicals postage paid at New York, N.Y., and at additional mailing offices. Canada Post International Publications Mail
(Canadian Distribution) Sales Agreement No. 40012504. Canadian BN No. 127387652RT; TVQ1218059275 TQ0001. Publication
Mail Agreement #40012504. Return undeliverable mail to Scientific American, P.O. Box 819, Stn Main, Markham, ON L3P 8A2.
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Copyright © 2024 by Scientific American, a division of Springer Nature America, Inc. All rights reserved.
Scientific American is part of Springer Nature, which owns or has commercial relations with thousands of scientific
publications (many of them can be found at www.springernature.com/us). Scientific American maintains a strict policy
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to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
What we may lose when people merge with Ai.
creatures of the night. many ways of listening.
A history of modern cosmology.
BY AMY BRADY
90
GRAPHIC SCIENCE
A visual guide to space weather during
the solar cycle peak.
BY CLARA MOSKOWITZ
AND MATTHEW TWOMBLY
92
HISTORY
BY MARK FISCHETTI
2
Sc i e n t i f ic A m er ic A n Se p t e m ber 2 02 4
© 2024 Scientific American
NASA/CXC/GSFC/B. J. Williams et al. (
x-ray
);
NASA/ESA/STScl (
optical
)
Thomas Fuchs
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