Operating_System_Concepts_with_Java_2003_Silberschatz.pdf

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OPERATING SYSTEM CONCEPTS
with JAVA
ABRAHAM SILBERSCHATZ
Yale University
PETER BAER GALVIN
Corporate Technologies, Inc.
GREG GAGNE
Westminster College
SIXTH EDITION
0-471-48905-0
JOHN WILEY & SONS, INC.
ACQUISITIONS EDITOR
Paul Crockett
MARKETING MANAGER
Ilse Wolfe
SENIOR PRODUCTION EDITOR
Ken Santor
COVER DESIGNER
Madelyn Lesure
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COVER ART
Susan E. Cyr
SENIOR ILLUSTRATION COORDINATOR
Anna Melhorn
This book was set in Palatino by Abraham Silberschatz and printed and bound by
Courier-Westford. The cover was printed by Phoenix Color Corporation.
This book is printed on acid-free paper.
Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or
transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying,
recording, scanning or otherwise, except as permitted under Sections 107 or 108 of
the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without either the prior written permission of
the Publisher, or authorization through payment of the appropriate per-copy fee to the
Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, (978) 750-
8400, fax (978) 750-4470. Requests to the Publisher for permission should be
addressed to the Permissions Department, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street,
Hoboken, NJ 07030-5774, (201) 748-6011, fax (201) 748-6008, E-Mail:
PERMREQ@WILEY.COM.
ISBN 0-471-48905-0
Printed in the United States of America
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Front Matter
In memory of my parents, Wira and Joseph, and my grandparents, Stepha and Aaron
Rosenblum
Avi Silberschatz
To my wife, Carla, and my children, Gwendolyn, Owen, and Madelyn
Peter Baer Galvin
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To my parents, Marlene and Roland, my wife, Pat, and my sons, Tom and Jay
Greg Gagne
PREFACE
PART ONE OVERVIEW
An
operating system
is a program that acts as an intermediary between the user of a
computer and the computer hardware. The purpose of an operating system is to
provide an environment in which a user can execute programs in a
convenient
and
efficient
manner.
Understanding the evolution of operating systems gives us an appreciation for what
an operating system does and how it does it. We trace the development of operating
systems from the first hands-on systems, through multiprogrammed and time-shared
systems, to current handheld and real-time systems.
The operating system must ensure the correct operation of the computer system. The
hardware must provide appropriate mechanisms to prevent user programs from
interfering with the proper operation of the system. We describe the basic computer
architecture taht makes it possible to write a correct operating system.
The operating system provides certain services to programs and to the users of those
programs in order to make their tasks easier. The services differ from one operating
system to another, but we identify and explore some common classes of these
services.
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Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION
Chapter 2 COMPUTER-SYSTEM STRUCTURES
Chapter 3 OPERATING-SYSTEM STRUCTURES
PART TWO PROCESS MANAGEMENT
A
process
can be thought of as a program in execution. A process will needcertain
resources - such as CPU time, memory files, and I/O devices - to accomplish its task.
These resources are allocated to the process either when it is created or while it is
executing.
A process is the unit of work in most systems. Such a system consists of a collection
of processes: Operating-system processes execute system code, and user processes
execute user code. All these processes may execute concurrently.
Although traditionally, a process contained only a single
thread
of control as it ran,
most modern operating systems now support processes that have multiple threads.
the operating system is responsible for the following activities in connection with
process and thread management: the creation and deletion of both user and system
processes; the scheduling of processes; and the provision of mechanisms for
synchronization, communication, and deadlock handling for processes.
Chapter 4 PROCESSES
Chapter 5 THREADS
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