Computer_Organization_And_Architecture_8ed_Solutions_Manual_2009_Stallings.pdf

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S
OLUTIONS
M
ANUAL
C
OMPUTER
O
RGANIZATION AND
A
RCHITECTURE
DESIGNING FOR PERFORMANCE
E
IGHTH
E
DITION
W
ILLIAM
S
TALLINGS
Copyright 2009: William Stallings
© 2009 by William Stallings
All rights reserved. No part
of this document may be
reproduced, in any form or
by any means, or posted on
the Internet, without
permission in writing from
the author. Selected
solutions may be shared
with students, provided that
they are not available,
unsecured, on the Web.
-2-
N
OTICE
This manual contains solutions to the review questions and
homework problems in
Computer Organization and Architecture,
Eighth Edition
. If you spot an error in a solution or in the
wording of a problem, I would greatly appreciate it if you
would forward the information via email to ws@shore.net.
An errata sheet for this manual, if needed, is available at
http://www.box.net/shared/q4a7bmmtyc
. File name is
S-COA8e-mmyy
W.S.
-3-
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Chapter 1 Introduction...........................................................................................5
Chapter 2 Computer Evolution and Performance .............................................6
Chapter 3 Computer Function and Interconnection........................................14
Chapter 4 Cache Memory ....................................................................................19
Chapter 5 Internal Memory.................................................................................32
Chapter 6 External Memory ................................................................................38
Chapter 7 Input/Output......................................................................................43
Chapter 8 Operating System Support................................................................50
Chapter 9 Computer Arithmetic.........................................................................57
Chapter 10 Instruction Sets: Characteristics and Functions ...........................69
Chapter 11 Instruction Sets: Addressing Modes and Formats.......................80
Chapter 12 Processor Structure and Function ..................................................85
Chapter 13 Reduced Instruction Set Computers..............................................92
Chapter 14 Instruction-Level Parallelism and Superscalar Processors.........97
Chapter 15 Control Unit Operation..................................................................103
Chapter 16 Microprogrammed Control...........................................................106
Chapter 17 Parallel Processing..........................................................................109
Chapter 18 Multicore Computers.....................................................................118
Chapter 19 Number Systems.............................................................................121
Chapter 20 Digital Logic ....................................................................................122
Chapter 21 The IA-64 Architecture ..................................................................126
Appendix B Assembly Language and Related Topics ..................................130
-4-
C
HAPTER
1 I
NTRODUCTION
A
NSWERS
1.1
TO
Q
UESTIONS
Computer architecture
refers to those attributes of a system visible to a
programmer or, put another way, those attributes that have a direct impact on the
logical execution of a program.
Computer organization
refers to the operational
units and their interconnections that realize the architectural specifications.
Examples of architectural attributes include the instruction set, the number of bits
used to represent various data types (e.g., numbers, characters), I/O mechanisms,
and techniques for addressing memory. Organizational attributes include those
hardware details transparent to the programmer, such as control signals;
interfaces between the computer and peripherals; and the memory technology
used.
Computer structure refers to the way in which the components of a computer are
interrelated. Computer function refers to the operation of each individual
component as part of the structure.
Data processing; data storage; data movement; and control.
Central processing unit (CPU):
Controls the operation of the computer and
performs its data processing functions; often simply referred to as processor.
Main memory:
Stores data.
I/O:
Moves data between the computer and its external environment.
System interconnection:
Some mechanism that provides for communication
among CPU, main memory, and I/O. A common example of system
interconnection is by means of a system bus, consisting of a number of conducting
wires to which all the other components attach.
Control unit:
Controls the operation of the CPU and hence the computer
Arithmetic and logic unit (ALU):
Performs the computer’s data processing
functions
Registers:
Provides storage internal to the CPU
CPU interconnection:
Some mechanism that provides for communication among
the control unit, ALU, and registers
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
-5-

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