Scientific American 2023 03.pdf

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MARCH 2023
SCIENTIFICAMERICAN.COM
The Sisterhood
of Species
Therapy for
Schizophrenia
LONG COVID
AND THE
BRAIN
New treatments
could help the
devastatıng
syndrome
How to Make
Quark-Gluon Plasma
© 2023 Scientific American
March 202 3
VO L U M E 3 2 8 , N U M B E R 3
34
NEUROSCIENCE
PHYSIC S
26 The Brain and
Long COVID
Millions of people are still suffering
long after infection. Researchers are
finding neurological causes for their
symptoms.
By Stephani Sutherland
NUCLEAR PHYSIC S
58 The Holographic Universe
Turns 25
The Ads/CFT duality conjecture,
which suggests our universe is
a hologram, has enabled many
significant discoveries in physics.
By Anil Ananthaswamy
P S YC H I AT RY
34 Primordial Soup
New experiments can re-create
the early universe, when it was
a mash of fundamental particles,
more precisely than ever before.
By Clara Moskowitz
COGNITIVE SCIENCE
62 A Talking Cure
for Psychosis
Cognitive-behavioral therapy
helps to treat symptoms
for which drugs are ineffective.
By Matthew M. Kurtz
DEMOGR APHY
42 Born to Count
As Plato anticipated, babies do math.
By Jacob Beck and Sam Clarke
B I O LO G Y
ON ThE c OVE r
For months and years after virus infection,
people with long COVID suffer from devastating
pain, extreme fatigue, and a “brain fog” that can
make it nearly impossible to think, work, and
perform daily activities. New discoveries show
many symptoms have roots in the brain and the
nervous system. This realization points to novel
treatments for the estimated tens of millions
of people in the U.S. with the syndrome.
Illustration by Stephanie Shafer.
68 Population Growth
Is Slowing Down
In 2022 the world’s population
hit eight billion. But the number
of people on Earth will likely
top out during this century.
By Katie Peek
50 The Sisterhood of Species
Studying connections among
female animals across the tree of
life can improve women’s health.
By Barbara Natterson-Horowitz
Photograph by Christopher Payne
March 2023, ScientificAmerican.com
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© 2023 Scientific american
James Gurney
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23
Jay Bendt
76
4 From the Editor
6 Letters
8 Science Agenda
The livestock agriculture system
is one of the largest users of
antibiotics, and it’s endangering
human health.
By the Editors
23 The Science of Health
Ubiquitous chemicals called
phthalates may harm sperm and
pregnancies.
By Claudia Wallis
74 Reviews
Plant intelligence. Wolves as
archetypes of fear. Better health
through art. Consciousness in
a technofascist future. A horror
story of primal instincts.
By Amy Brady
24 Q&A
An interview with mathematician
Melanie Matchett Wood, a recently
named MacArthur “Genius.”
By Rachel Crowell
9 Forum
When artificial intelligence causes
harm, who is responsible?
By
George Maliha and Ravi B. Parikh
76 Observatory
Eight billion people on the planet
are crowding out all other life.
By Naomi Oreskes
70 Mind Matters
You’re not just getting older; you’re
getting less stressed out.
By Daisy Yuhas
10 Advances
Octopus arms’ strange nerves. Pre-
dicting deadly pregnancy disease.
An airy secret of successful dinos.
77 50, 100 & 150 Years Ago
By Mark Fischetti
72 The Universe
Neutrinos from an active galaxy
show how supermassive black
holes gobble matter.
By Phil Plait
78 Graphic Science
The science behind the brightness
of spring green leaves.
By Clara Moskowitz and
Rebecca Konte
22 Meter
The poetry of Europa, the smallest
of Jupiter’s four Galilean moons.
By Kate Gleason
Scientific American (ISSN 0036-8733), Volume 328, Number 3, March 2023, published monthly by Scientific American, a division of Springer Nature America, Inc., 1 New York Plaza, Suite 4600, New York, N.Y. 10004-
1562. Periodicals postage paid at New York, N.Y., and at additional mailing offices. Canada Post International Publications Mail (Canadian Distribution) Sales Agreement No. 40012504. Canadian BN No. 127387652RT;
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Scientific American, March 2023
© 2023 Scientific american
Izhar Cohen

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