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ISSUE 263 – OCTOBER 2022
Build an
IoT Linux
Shrink your OS to fit the device
Tools for Detecting
Fake News
ImageMagick Tricks:
Paint an image in a script
Read RFID Tags
with a Rasp Pi
W W W. L I N U X - M A G A Z I N E . C O M
Create a User-Friendly Front
End for Your Bash Scripts
0 A.D.:
Bring the past to life
with this free strategy game
10
MORE KILLER
FREE TOOLS!
EDITORIAL
Welcome
SENTIENCE AND SENSIBILITY
Dear Reader,
I feel like we entered a new era earlier this year when
Google scientist Blake Lemoine declared that he thought
Google’s LaMDA artificial intelligence is “sentient,” and
that the company should probably be asking LaMDA’s
permission before studying it. The news this month is
that Google fired Lemoine. The stated reason was that
he violated a confidentiality agreement, but few observers
could separate the termination from Lemoine’s announce-
ment and the controversy that followed.
Let me explain, I don’t think this story is important be-
cause the computer
was
sentient – in fact, I’m quite sure
it wasn’t. I just find it strange that we’re even talking about
it, and the way we’re talking about it is even stranger.
Several leading computer scientists, and Google as a
company, have gone on record stating that the claim
was preposterous. The story wasn’t much as a computer
science event, but as a pop culture phenomenon, it was
pure gold. Was this the classic dystopian sci-fi story of a
man falling in love with a machine? Or is there a chance
that this program is seriously a life form?
(“Whoa, kind
of makes you think, doesn’t it…?”)
The oddest part was that these several leading computer
scientists thought it was important to explain that, despite
what you’re thinking, no seriously, the program really
doesn’t feel things the way that we do. To be fair, they
were probably working peacefully in their labs when a
press guy showed up and turned a TV camera on them,
but still I wonder if we’re approaching this the right way –
and if this “is it alive?” question is a diversion from the
serious questions we should be asking.
The term “sentient,” in this case, relates to the state of
having
feelings,
rather than just knowledge. Many have
equated this to experiencing a state of consciousness. So
this debate has migrated from the cold, analytical realm
of computer science to the fuzzy sphere of metaphysics,
where these concepts are quite difficult to define.
Before you say whether a computer has consciousness,
you kind of have to define what consciousness
is,
and
there is a vast range of answers for that, depending on
whether you are talking to a priest, a psychologist, a
neurologist, or a new age mystic. But the point is, AIs like
LaMDA are not created to
be
human – they are created to
make people think
they are human. If you learn to tap into
human response patterns and emotional cues, humans
will treat you differently. (Sorry dog lovers: That’s what
your dog is doing.)
Computer scientists are working overtime right now try-
ing to create systems that behave as through they are
conscious so that humans will react to them more “nat-
urally.” In other words, these systems will manipulate
us emotionally.
We will then have two choices:
• Fall for these artificial response patterns and emotional
cues (react to the machines as if they were our friends –
in other words, be manipulated)
• Ignore the artificial response patterns and emotional
cues (in other words, get practice every day treating en-
tities that behave like humans in a callous and uncaring
manner that denies their humanity)
Neither option sounds particularly appealing to me. Of
course, Google, Meta, and the other for-profit corpora-
tions who are working on these kinds of solutions will say
they just want to build a better chatbot, but that’s the
whole problem with this tech space: We’re not so good at
putting genies back in bottles once they get out.
Joe Casad,
Editor in Chief
LINUX-MAGAZINE.COM | LINUXPROMAGAZINE.COM
ISSUE 263
OCTOBER 2022
3
OCTOBER 2022
ON THE COVER
30 Detecting
Disinformation
Use these free tools and
browser extensions to
check the accuracy of
photos, videos, and
news information you
find online.
46 OliveTin and Script
Server
You don’t need to be a coder to
create a polished web-based
front end for a Bash script.
76 0 A.D.
Navigate through lost civilizations
with this classic game.
90 Drawing with
ImageMagick
This handy image fixer can do
more than touch up photos.
We’ll show you how to draw
pictures with scripts.
60 RFID with SPI
Convert your Rasp Pi to an
RFID reader using the RC522
RFID kit and an SPI display.
NEWS
08
News
• Kali Linux 2022.3 Released
• 14" Pinebook Pro Linux Laptop Ships
• OpenMandriva Lx ROME Technical Preview Released
• Linux Mint 21 Now Available
• Firefox Adds Long-Anticipated Feature
• System76 Oryx Pro Laptop Refreshed with a New CPU
IN-DEPTH
30
Disinformation Detector
Fake information is experiencing a boom, but given the right
tools, you can reliably separate the wheat from the chaff.
34
Command Line – Bash History
The versatile Bash history command can save you time and
effort at the command line.
12
Kernel News
• Chasing the Dream
• The Power of the FUSE Side
• NTFS3 Maintainership Issues
• Crashing and Warning
38
LibreOffice Macros with ScriptForge
ScriptForge helps you automate LibreOffice by building
portable macros.
42
MkDocs
MkDocs, a static site generator, lets you easily transform
Markdown files into ready-to-use, user-friendly project
documentation.
COVER STORIES
16
Yocto
The Yocto project gives you all the tools you’ll need to
build a custom Linux for an IoT device.
46
OliveTin and Script Server
Create a user-friendly front end for your Bash scripts
without writing a single line of HTML, CSS, or JavaScript.
22
Buildroot
Whether you need a tiny OS for 1MB of flash memory or a
complex Linux with a graphical stack, you can quickly set
up a working operating system using Buildroot.
52
Programming Snapshot – Smart Predictions
with Go
Because shell command sequences tend to reoccur, smart
predictions can save you time typing. We first let the shell
keep notes on what gets typed, before a Go program
guesses the next command and runs it for you.
REVIEW
26
Distro Walk – Many Hats
The Red Hat family and its many derivatives.
56
Introducing Rocky Linux
Rocky Linux emerges as a free alternative to Red Hat
Enterprise Linux.
4
OCTOBER 2022
ISSUE 263
LINUX-MAGAZINE.COM | LINUXPROMAGAZINE.COM
Build an IoT Linux
The most amazing thing about
Linux is its flexibility. Linux
systems run on the biggest
computers in the world – and
on many of the diminutive
devices that populate your home
environment. If you’ve always
wondered how developers adapt
Linux to run on tiny tech, you’ll
appreciate this month’s stories on
Buildroot and the Yocto project.
69
Welcome
This month in Linux Voice.
71
Doghouse – Algorithms and Books
A look at the history of computer memory and a
classic algorithm text.
72
KOReader E-reader
KOReader offers enough features to give your humble
ebook reader new powers and completely transform
your reading experience.
76
0 A.D.
Steer the fortunes of ancient civilizations with this
real-time strategy game.
84
FOSSPicks
This month Graham looks at Cecilia 5, chezmoi, Viddy,
EmuDeck, Paperless-ngx, MegaGlest, and more!
90
Tutorial – ImageMagick
MakerSpace
60
RFID over SPI
Inexpensive components for the SPI interface let you
upgrade a Raspberry Pi 4 to a display system for zero-
contact RFID-based data acquisition.
ImageMagick can do more than just edit existing
images. You can even write a script that will create a
simple drawing.
FREE
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ISSUE 263
OCTOBER 2022
66
Pigpio
The wiringPi library, which many Raspberry Pi fans have
grown attached to over the years, is no longer under
maintenance by its developer. An alternative called Pigpio
has arrived just in time.
LINUX-MAGAZINE.COM | LINUXPROMAGAZINE.COM
5

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