Linux Magazine USA 262 2022 09.pdf

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WHAT’S NEW IN
EE
FR D
DV
UBUNTU 22.04
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ISSUE 262 – SEPTEMBER 2022
Beyond 5G
Imagining an open future
for mobile networks
FLUX Beamo
Cool laser cutter with
Rasp Pi on the inside
Free Social Media Tools
Get connected without
getting mined
Practical automation
with mosquitto and
MQTT
W W W. L I N U X - M A G A Z I N E . C O M
Manuskript
Planning a novel
doesn’t have to be
crime and punishment
10
TANTALIZING
FOSS TOOLS
EDITORIAL
Welcome
CAP AND GOWN
Dear Reader,
A few months ago, I wrote about the need for the open
source community to provide a means for the continuity
of solo or small-scale open source projects when the
maintainer reaches a burnout point or gets busy with
something else. Does the project have to die just because
the person who started it walks away?
Another angle on this problem is the question of scientific
software written by research professionals. Some of the
most sophisticated software in the world is created by doc-
toral candidates and other academic scientists. This soft-
ware isn’t written just to be software – it is written to test a
new idea or answer a question related to a research project.
Some of these programs represent years of work, but what
happens when the developer graduates or gets a tenure
track job? Or when the grant used to fund the research ex-
pires? More often than not, the project just stops in its
tracks and slowly disappears, while the developer seeks
new projects and new funding to study other questions.
Academic science is focused on journal articles, not soft-
ware. The software is a means to an end, so many useful
programs are abandoned, and researchers end up reinvent-
ing the wheel. Don’t ask the PhDs and PhD candidates to
solve this problem. No one has ever gotten a distinguished
chair for maintaining already-existing software that only a
few experts can even understand.
The prospects for orphaned scientific software have be-
come a little brighter with a recent announcement from
the Virtual Institute for Scientific Software (VISS) [1]. VISS,
which is supported by Schmidt Futures [2], a nonprofit or-
ganization founded by former Google CEO Eric Schmidt
and his wife Wendy Schmidt, is launching four software
development centers at the University of Cambridge, the
University of Washington Seattle, Georgia Institute of
Technology, and Johns Hopkins University. These centers,
which will each employ five to seven software developers,
will provide development and support services for scien-
tific projects. Initially, the centers will only work on proj-
ects associated with Schmidt Futures, but the hope is to
extend that support to other worthy research.
In addition to keeping the software alive after grants
end and participants move on, the centers will provide
assistance in the initial development phase. Another im-
portant, but perhaps less tangible, goal will be to build the
identity of the professional academic programmer. Hun-
dreds of professional developers are working right now at
universities around the world, but they are often isolated,
scattered across the campus, and working independently
through separate, unrelated grants. The VISS centers offer
the possibility for a collective experience, with the kind of
mentoring, work sharing, and synergy that is an everyday
part of software development out in the wild.
According to a recent article in
Nature
[3], VISS is well aware
that it can’t compete with Internet giants like Amazon and
Google in paying top salaries, but they are confident they
can still attract high-quality talent. Many professional devel-
opers first became interested in coding through their work in
science and engineering, and to some, the chance to work on
scientifically relevant projects is more exciting than maxing
out their salary potential. (And, to be honest, they will proba-
bly still fare pretty well compared to a lot of people hanging
around a college campus.)
Given the amount of scientific software out in the world
today, the addition of 20-30 coders in four small offices won’t
change the landscape overnight, but the VISS initiative will
help to raise awareness about the need to support scientific
programming, and it could
offer a prototype of a perma-
nent career path for coders
who aspire to play a role in
the eternal quest for scientific
knowledge.
Joe Casad,
Editor in Chief
Info
[1]
VISS:
https://www.schmidtfutures.com/our-work/
virtual-institute-for-scientific-software/
[2]
Schmidt Futures:
https://www.schmidtfutures.com/
[3]
“Ex-Google Chief’s Venture Aims to Save Neglected Science
Software” by David Matthews,
Nature,
July 13, 2022:
https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-022-01901-x
LINUX-MAGAZINE.COM | LINUXPROMAGAZINE.COM
ISSUE 262
SEPTEMBER 2022
3
SEPTEMBER 2022
ON THE COVER
26 Ubuntu 22.04 LTS
“Jammy Jellyfish” arrives with a new kernel, a
new Gnome 42 desktop, and new features for
enhanced container support.
72 Home Assistant
The MQTT protocol supports do-it-yourself
home automation the open source way –
without Alexa listening in.
30 Open Source Social Media Tools
The data-peddling giants aren’t the only option
for chat and microblogging. We review some
free and decentralized social media tools.
79 Presentation as Code
The versatile Go language is good for all kinds
of projects, including creating a code-from-
scratch slide deck presentation.
66 FLUX Beamo
Laser cutters like Beamo occupy a much loved
but little known corner of the maker universe.
90 Manuskript
Every novelist needs a roadmap, but too much detail
can be stifling. Manuskript and the snowflake
method help you stay loose but keep it organized.
NEWS
08
News
• Rocky Linux 9 Has Arrived
• Slimbook Upgrades CPUs in Executive Linux Ultrabook
• Fedora Linux Is Coming to the Raspberry Pi 4
• KaOS 2022.06 Now Available with KDE Plasma 5.25
• Manjaro 21.3.0 Now Available
• SpiralLinux: a New Linux Distribution Focused on Simplicity
COVER STORY
16
Open RAN
Open RAN brings a new spirit of openness to the radio
access networks that form the foundation for the mobile
revolution.
12
Kernel News
• Random Number Sanity
• Git Lesson from Linus
• When Word Has Not Yet Gone Round
IN-DEPTH
36
Bash Web Scraping
With one line of Bash code, Pete scrapes the web and
builds a desktop notification app to get the daily snow
report.
REVIEWS
22
Distro Walk – MX Linux
MX Linux is fast, friendly, and focused on function.
40
Command Line – Homebrew
Homebrew, a comprehensive package manager, has been
increasing in popularity thanks to its ease of use.
26
Ubuntu 22.04 LTS
Ubuntu 22.04 LTS features an updated Linux kernel,
numerous programming language updates, and improved
virtualization and container tools, making it useful for
developers and admins.
44
DIY Web Server
If you want to learn a little bit more about the
communication between a web browser and an HTTP
server, why not build your own web server and take a
closer look.
30
Open Source Social Media Tools
Diaspora, Friendica, and Mastodon are free and
decentralized microblogging platforms that keep you in
control of your data.
50
Podman
Podman gives users a quick and easy way to set up a
Nextcloud instance for home use.
4
SEPTEMBER 2022
ISSUE 262
LINUX-MAGAZINE.COM | LINUXPROMAGAZINE.COM
16
Beyond 5G
Behind the scenes, the cellular
phone network has always been
the preserve of highly specialized
and proprietary equipment, but
some recent innovations could
be changing that. This month we
explore the Open RAN specification,
which could one day allow more
of the mobile phone network to
operate on off-the-shelf hardware.
77
Welcome
This month in Linux Voice.
78
Doghouse – Chess
Maddog considers the history of chess as a metaphor
on how to grow the desktop Linux user base.
79
Present Slide Creator
The Golang package present may be the key to
making attractive slide presentations with less work
and hassle.
IN-DEPTH
56
Programming Snapshot – Go Geolocation
Game
A geolocation guessing game based on the popular
Wordle evaluates a player’s guesses based on the distance
from and direction to the target location.
84
FOSSPicks
This month Graham looks at Lorien, FreeCAD 0.20,
CLAP, Gophie, GameShell, Jellyfin, Vita3K, and more!
90
Tutorial – Manuskript
The Manuskript editor is all you need to jump start
your next writing project.
MakerSpace
66
Home Laser
With the FLUX Beamo laser and a Raspberry Pi Board
B10001, you can execute your own laser cutting projects
on a wide range of materials.
72
Home Assistant with MQTT
Automating your four walls does not require commercial
solutions. With a little skill, you can develop your own
projects on a low budget.
TWO TERRIFIC DISTROS
DOUBLE-SIDED DVD!
SEE PAGE 6 FOR DETAILS
LINUX-MAGAZINE.COM | LINUXPROMAGAZINE.COM
ISSUE 262
SEPTEMBER 2022
5

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