Scientific American 2022 11.pdf

(22140 KB) Pobierz
NOVEMBER 2022
SCIENTIFICAMERICAN.COM
New Evidence That Antarctica’s Ice
Is Collapsing Faster Than Expected
INSI
DE
How Humans
Learned to Walk
Covert
Consciousness
An Algorithm
to Fix Democracy
N ov e m b e r 2 0 2 2
VO L U M E 3 2 7, N U M B E R 5
42
C L I M AT E C H A N G E
NEUROSCIENCE
32 The Coming
Collapse
Two expeditions to Antarctica’s
Thwaites Ice Shelf have revealed
that it could splinter apart in less
than a decade—allowing a vast
glacier behind it to slide into the
sea.
By Douglas Fox
M AT E R I A L S S C I E N C E
60 Hidden Consciousness
Some patients who appear to be
in a coma, and can’t speak or move,
may be aware of what is happening
around them.
By Jan Claassen and Brian L. Edlow
PA R T I C L E P H Y S I C S
42 Tricking Light
Newly invented metamaterials
can modify waves, creating optical
illusions and useful technologies.
By Andrea Alù
M AT H E M AT I C S
66 When Particles
Break the Rules
Hints of new particles and forces
may be showing up at physics
experiments around the world.
By Andreas Crivellin
H U M A N E VO L U T I O N
oN THe C ove r
The ice shelf holding back Antarctica’s enor­
mous Thwaites Glacier is breaking up faster
than experts thought. When it disintegrates,
the glacier will slide more readily into the ocean,
raising global sea level by two feet. Two re­
search expeditions to the region have revealed
unforeseen forces fracturing the ice shelf.
Illustration by mark ross.
52 A More Perfect
Algorithm
Computing citizens’ assemblies
more fairly empowers democracy.
By Ariel Procaccia
72 Walks of Life
Mounting fossil evidence is
upending the conventional
wisdom about the evolution
of human bipedalism.
By Jeremy DeSilva
Photograph by Craig Cutler
November 2022
, ScientificAmerican.com
1
4 From the Editor
6 Letters
12 Science Agenda
For the sake of our health and economic prosperity, the
Clean Water Act must not be weakened.
By the Editors
14 Forum
Decriminalizing marijuana would lead to fewer arrests
and help to create a framework for a regulated market-
place.
By Richard A. Grucza and Andrew D. Plunk
Chloe Zola
16 Advances
A spectacular volcano wakes up. Silk-based microplastic
alternatives. Underground microbes’ secrets.
The complexity of dolphins’ unique “name” sounds.
14
28 Meter
The poetry of mosses in the desert.
By Jane Hirshfield
30 The Science of Health
Gas stoves may be great for cooking but not so good
for your lungs.
By Claudia Wallis
Jeroen Van Nieuwenhove
82 Mind Matters
In schools, honest talk about racism can reduce discrim-
ination.
By Camilla Mutoni Griffiths and Nicky Sullivan
16
84 Reviews
How parasites influence ecosystems. A social history of
measurement. Stories behind plant names. Animal inven-
tiveness. New era of speculative fiction.
By Amy Brady
86 Observatory
Scientific biases have led researchers to downplay
the fast rate of Arctic warming.
By Naomi Oreskes
87 50, 100 & 150 Years Ago
By Mark Fischetti
88 Graphic Science
84
Charts show how each nation’s greenhouse gas
emissions have cost others.
By Andrea Thompson and Amanda Montañez
Scientific American (ISSN 0036-8733), Volume 327, Number 5, November 2022, published monthly by Scientific American, a division of Springer Nature America, Inc., 1 New York Plaza, Suite 4600, New York, N.Y. 10004-
1562. Periodicals postage paid at New York, N.Y., and at additional mailing offices. Canada Post International Publications Mail (Canadian Distribution) Sales Agreement No. 40012504. Canadian BN No. 127387652RT;
TVQ1218059275 TQ0001. Publication Mail Agreement #40012504. Return undeliverable mail to Scientific American, P.O. Box 819, Stn Main, Markham, ON L3P 8A2.
Individual Subscription rates:
1 year $49.99 (USD),
Canada $59.99 (USD), International $69.99 (USD).
Institutional Subscription rates:
Schools and Public Libraries: 1 year $84 (USD), Canada $89 (USD), International $96 (USD). Businesses and Colleges/Universities: 1 year
$399 (USD), Canada $405 (USD), International $411 (USD). Postmaster: Send address changes and subscription payments to Scientific American, Box 3187, Harlan, Iowa 51537.
Reprints inquiries:
RandP@sciam.com. To request single copies or back issues, call (800) 333-1199. Subscription inquiries: U.S. and Canada (800) 333-1199; other (515) 248-7684.
Send e-mail to scacustserv@cdsfulfillment.com.
Printed in U.S.A. Copyright © 2022 by Scientific American, a division of Springer Nature America, Inc. All rights reserved.
Scientific American is part of Springer Nature, which owns or has commercial relations with thousands of scientific publications (many of them can be found at www.springernature.com/us). Scientific American
maintains a strict policy of editorial independence in reporting developments in science to our readers. Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
2
Scientific American,
November 2022
London Ladd

Plik z chomika:

Inne pliki z tego folderu:

Inne foldery tego chomika:

Zgłoś jeśli naruszono regulamin