Ecology and Management of Commercially Harvested Chanterelle Mushrooms by David Pilz & al (2003).pdf

(1305 KB) Pobierz
Note:
Some imprinted
photos are used in the Web version of this publication.
United States
Department of
Agriculture
Forest Service
Paciic Northwest
Research Station
General Technical
Report
PNW-GTR-576
March 2003
Ecology and Management
of Commercially Harvested
Chanterelle Mushrooms
David Pilz, Lorelei Norvell, Eric Danell, and
Randy Molina
Authors
David Pilz
is a faculty research assistant in the Department of Forest Science, Oregon
State University, 321 Richardson Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331-5752;
Lorelei Norvell
is
adjunct associate professor in biology, Portland State University, and a professional
mycologist and president of Paciic Northwest Mycology Service, 6720 NW Skyline
Boulevard, Portland, OR 97229-1309;
Eric Danell
is associate professor, Botany
Section, Museum of Evolution, Uppsala University, Norbyv.16,SE-752 36, Uppsala,
Sweden;
Randy Molina
is a research botanist, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest
Service, Paciic Northwest Research Station, Forestry Sciences Laboratory, 3200 SW
Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331-4401.
Cover—Colorful
Paciic golden chanterelles (Cantharellus
formosus)
abound each autumn in
Douglas-ir and western hemlock forests of the Paciic Northwest. Until recently these avidly
collected mushrooms were misidentiied as
Cantharellus cibarius,
the golden chanterelle of
fame in Europe and elsewhere. Now properly named, it has been honored as the state mush-
room of Oregon, and is sold locally, regionally, nationally, and internationally (©2002 Taylor F.
Lockwood).
Abstract
Pilz, David; Norvell, Lorelei; Danell, Eric; Molina, Randy. 2003.
Ecology and
management of commercially harvested chanterelle mushrooms. Gen. Tech. Rep.
PNW-GTR-576. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service,
Paciic Northwest Research Station. 83 p.
During the last two decades, the chanterelle mushroom harvest from Paciic North-
west forests has become a multimillion dollar industry, yet managers, harvesters,
and scientists lack a current synthesis of information about chanterelles. We deine
chanterelles and then discuss North American species, their place among chante-
relle species around the world, international markets for chanterelles, our current
understanding of the organism, reasons for declining production in parts of Europe,
and efforts to cultivate chanterelles. Shifting focus back to chanterelles of the Paciic
Northwest, we describe our species, regional forest management issues, recent
studies, and future research and monitoring needed to sustain this prized resource.
Keywords: Chanterelle mushrooms, edible mushrooms, ectomycorrhizae, forest
management, nontimber forest products,
Cantharellus, Craterellus, Gomphus,
Polyozellus.
Summary
Chanterelles are globally renowned as one of the best edible forest mushrooms, and
their international commercial value likely exceeds a billion dollars annually.
A variety of chanterelle species fruit plentifully in Paciic Northwest forests, and their
abundance has spawned a signiicant commercial harvest industry during the last
two decades. Because chanterelles grow symbiotically with the roots of forest trees,
managing the fungi for sustainable harvests also means managing forest habitats.
This publication summarizes what we currently know about chanterelles. Our intent is
to provide forest managers, policymakers, mushroom harvesters, mushroom enthusi-
asts, and research mycologists with accurate information for an informed debate about
chanterelle management. Our commercial harvest in the Paciic Northwest originates
within a broad historical, cultural, ecological, and international trade context, and much
relevant information about the organism comes from research in Europe. Therefore
we also discuss chanterelles throughout North America and worldwide; the interna-
tional chanterelle market; chanterelle biology, ecology, chemistry, and nutrition; recent
chanterelle productivity declines reported from parts of Europe; and current research
on chanterelle cultivation. Returning our focus to Paciic Northwest chanterelles, we
describe local species, discuss management issues, summarize recent research, and
conclude with future research and monitoring designed to ensure a continued abun-
dance of chanterelles in our forests.
Contents
1
2
3
3
3
7
16
18
18
19
19
20
20
21
22
24
25
29
29
30
43
43
44
46
53
54
54
55
55
56
78
83
Introduction
Chanterelle Names
Chanterelles Around the World
What Are Chanterelles?
North American Chanterelles
Global Distribution and History of Use
International Commerce
Understanding Chanterelles
Chanterelle Evolution
Morphology and Physiology
Soils and Host Trees
Fruiting
Insects and Parasites
Reproductive Strategy
Chemistry, Nutrition, and Health
Human Impacts
Cultivation
Paciic Northwest Chanterelles
Species Descriptions
Key to Paciic Northwest Chanterelles, Chanterelle-Like Mushrooms and
Look-Alikes
Management and Research in the Paciic Northwest
Commercial Harvest
Management Issues
Recent Research
Future Research
Closing Remarks
Glossary
Acknowledgments
English Equivalents
Literature Cited
Appendix 1: Common Names, Scientiic Names, and Synonyms
Appendix 2: Description of the Genus
Cantharellus

Plik z chomika:

Inne pliki z tego folderu:

Inne foldery tego chomika:

Zgłoś jeśli naruszono regulamin