Jon Erickson_Asteroids_Comets and Meteorites.pdf

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Asteroids, Comets,
and Meteorites
Cosmic Invaders of the Earth
Jon erickson
Foreword by Timothy Kusky, P
H
.D.
CONTENTS
Tables
Acknowledgments
Foreword
Introduction
1
Origin of the Solar System:
Formation of the sun and planets
The Big Bang
■
Galaxy Formation
■
Stellar Evolution
Solar Origins
■
Planetary Assembly
2
The Formation of Earth:
planetary origins
The Big Crash
■
The Big Splash
■
The Big Burp
The Big Flood
■
The Big Boil
v
vii
ix
xi
■
1
■
25
3
Cratering Events:
Historic meteorite impacts
Archean Impacts
■
Proterozoic Impacts
■
Paleozoic Impacts
Mesozoic Impacts
■
Cenozoic Impacts
■
49
4
Planetary Impacts: Exploring
Meteorite Craters
Lunar Craters
■
Mercurian Craters
■
Venusian Craters
Martian Craters
■
Outer Planetary Craters
■
75
5
Asteroids: Wandering rock fragments
The Minor Planets
■
The Asteroid Belt
■
Kirkwood Gaps
■
Meteoroid Streams
■
Meteorite Falls
■
Exploring Asteroids
■
Mining Asteroids
6
Comets: cosmic ice debris
The Oort Cloud
■
The Kuiper Belt
■
Sun-Grazing Comets
Comets Turned Asteroids
■
Meteor Showers
■
Cometary Exploration
7
Meteorite Craters: formation
of impact structures
Cratering Rates
■
Impact Cratering
■
Shock Effects
■
Crater Formation
■
Impact Structures
■
Strewn Fields
Crater Erosion
102
■
121
■
141
8
Impact Effects: the global changes
Global Effects
■
Tectonism
■
Tsunamis
■
Magnetic Reversals
Glaciation
■
Mass Extinction
9
Death Star: impact extinction of species
Supernovas
■
Doomsday Comets
■
Killer Asteroids
■
The Dinosaur Deathblow
■
Nemesis
■
Planet X
10
Cosmic Collisions: Asteroid and
comet bombardment
Near-Earth Asteroids
■
Close Calls
■
Asteroid Impacts
Asteroid Defense
■
Impact Survival
Conclusion
Glossary
Bibliography
Index
■
163
188
■
209
227
228
239
247
tableS
1 Summary of Solar System Data
2 Evolution of Life and the Atmosphere
3 The Geologic Time Scale
4 Major Volcanoes of Mars
5 Characteristics of Jupiter’s Atmosphere
6 Summary of Major Asteroids
7 Location of Major Meteorite Craters and Impact Structures
8 Flood Basalt Volcanism and Mass Extinctions
9 Comparison of Magnetic Reversals with Other Phenomena
10 Radiation and Extinction of Species
11 Closest Calls with Earth
16
45
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89
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115
152
171
180
189
212
V

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