Aerospace America 2014-11.pdf

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November 2014
ORION
The 4-hour flight and fiery re-entry
that could give NASA its
mojo back
page 24
Proactive on cybersecurity/page
30
Earth-observing Sentinels/page
34
Aireon’s Thoma on
airliner surveillance
page 22
A PUBLICATION OF THE AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF AERONAUTICS AND ASTRONAUTICS
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November 2014
Page 10
DEPARTMENTS
EDITOR’S NOTEBOOK
The stakes for Orion
2
4
8
10
14
18
22
40
42
Page14
Page 8
Page 5
INTERNATIONAL BEAT
Biofuels take off; hybrid helos; flying cars; jet trainers
IN BRIEF
Helo prototype; power from space; testbed satellite
CASE STUDY
Demystifying “Plasma Magic”
VIEWPOINT
A bird? A plane? It’s all evolution
ANALYSIS
Commerical crew insights
Page 34
CONVERSATION
Preventing airliner mysteries
OUT OF THE PAST
CAREER OPPORTUNITIES
FEATURES
TIME TO FLY
The Orion project has been unfolding for years in board rooms and
cleanrooms, but things will get real on Dec. 4 when an unmanned
test version blasts off from Florida.
by Natalia Mironova
24
YOUR BEST CYBER DEFENSE? INFOSHARING
Plane makers and airlines are well aware that cyber criminals and terrorists
are watching as aircraft become more networked, so the industry
has begun a proactive campaign to improve cybersecurity.
by Debra Werner
30
Page 30
EUROPE’S MISSION TO EARTH
Europe plans to field a fleet of 15 satellites and five hosted payloads that
would monitor Earth’s environment continually for many years to come.
NASA once had a similarly ambitious Earth-observing plan but was
unable to complete it.
by Marc Selinger
34
BULLETIN
AIAA Meeting Schedule
AIAA News
AIAA Courses and Training
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Aerospace America (ISSN 0740-722X) is published monthly by the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Inc. at 1801 Alexander Bell Drive, Reston, Va. 20191-4344 [703/264-7577].
Subscription rate is 50% of dues for AIAA members (and is not deductible therefrom). Nonmember subscription price: U.S., $200; foreign, $220. Single copies $20 each.
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mailing offices. Copyright 2014 by the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Inc., all rights reserved. The name Aerospace America is registered by the AIAA in the U.S. Patent and
Trademark Office. 40,000 copies of this issue printed. This is Volume 52, No. 10
®
is a publication of the American Institute of
Aeronautics and Astronautics
Editor’s
Notebook
Ben Iannotta
Editor-in-Chief
Jack Wittman
Associate Editor
Greg Wilson
Production Editor
Jerry Grey
Editor-at-Large
Christine Williams
Editor AIAA Bulletin
Contributing Writers
Philip Butterworth-Hayes, Keith Button,
Leonard David, Natalia Mironova, Marc
Selinger, Robert van der Linden, Frank
Winter, Debra Werner, Mark Williamson
Jane Fitzgerald
Art Direction and Design
James F. Albaugh,
President
Sandra H. Magnus,
Publisher
Craig Byl,
Manufacturing and Distribution
STEERING COMMITTEE
Steven E. Gorrell,
Brigham Young University;
David R. Riley,
Boeing;
Mary L. Snitch,
Lockheed Martin;
Vigor Yang,
Georgia
Institute of Technology;
Annalisa Weigel,
Fairmont Consulting Group;
Susan X. Ying
EDITORIAL BOARD
Ned Allen, Jean-Michel Contant,
Eugene Covert, L.S. “Skip” Fletcher,
Michael Francis, Cam Martin,
Don Richardson, Douglas Yazell
ADVERTISING
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703-938-5907
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LETTERS AND CORRESPONDENCE
Ben Iannotta,
beni@aiaa.org
QUESTIONS AND ADDRESS CHANGES
custserv@aiaa.org
ADVERTISING MATERIALS
Craig Byl,
craigb@aiaa.org
October 2014, Vol. 52, No. 10
The stakes for Orion
Everyone loves a good drama, and Orion’s flight in December promises to be that,
given the capsule’s planned orbit through the Van Allen radiation belt and high
velocity re-entry.
It’s good to see that NASA’s technology managers haven’t shied away from a
bold unmanned test, despite what is probably a strong desire on the policy side of
the house for an exciting but ultimately triumphant splashdown in the Pacific Ocean
in front of the American public, lawmakers and bloggers.
Missions like Exploration Flight Test-1 are expensive, so lessons must be
gleaned that could not have been learned in test chambers or ranges here on Earth.
That said, one reason for choosing a capsule-and-rocket design was to ensure faster
and cost-efficient development of a system that can be trusted to carry astronauts.
Success will mean that NASA and Lockheed Martin learn valuable technical lessons
even as they validate the basic strategy of dusting off and modernizing the Apollo
blueprint.
This will not be a publicity stunt rigged for success, that’s for sure. Engineers at
Lockheed Martin and NASA will be gauging the ability of Orion to withstand radia-
tion and protect astronauts from it. The capsule will need to survive 4,0000-degree
Fahrenheit re-entry speeds with a repaired thermal protection system. NASA and its
contractors stand to draw significant performance facts and lessons for future ver-
sions of the capsules.
As exciting as all that is, there’s more riding on EFT-1 than technical outcomes.
The mission will provide NASA managers and members of Congress with their best
gauge yet of the public’s willingness to support human spaceflight as a national
priority for the 21st century. Early indications show significant media interest in the
mission, judging by the online coverage of sea recovery tests conducted earlier this
year with Orion mockups.
The truth is that bringing large national projects like Orion to fruition must al-
ways involve doing more than what might be popular at the moment. Leadership
and wise engineering will be required, as will recognition that ultimately agencies
like NASA and their contractors work for the America people.
Ben Iannotta
Editor-in-Chief
Letters
to the Editor
Women engineers and the workplace culture
A response to
“Wanted:
More di-
versity in engineering”
[Septem-
ber, page 11]
I’ve been in engineering since
1986 and often one of the few
women in the workplace. It is my
opinion that one of the factors
that keeps girls from entering en-
gineering and women from stay-
ing has to do with the culture of
the workplace or academic insti-
tution, rather than interest or apti-
tude. This culture isn’t necessarily
one of discrimination, but it is
more about how people within
engineering organizations interact
with one another. Women haven’t
put their mark on the organiza-
tions, and so we continue, after
all these years, to fit into a culture
that doesn’t fit many of us. I be-
lieve the combined attributes of
the existing and new cultures will
serve all best, but I don’t know
that anyone is really trying to
study those effects.
Having worked in several
companies and two industries
(energy and aerospace), I still see
that the women who succeed
have adapted to the culture cre-
ated by men and have not tried
to make the culture change. Until
this happens — for women or
those from other backgrounds —
engineering will continue to be
an unfriendly work environment.
Talking about diversity helps
people understand that cultural
norms vary, but it doesn’t talk
about how people should be
treated. Treating everyone just
like you treat everyone else is not
the solution, if you treat people
poorly.
I would like to see some
studies address this aspect.
Thank you for bringing the
issue to the audience of Aero-
space America.
Karen MacKenizie
Seattle
kdm075@icloud.com
CONNECT
What’s lost with renewable fuels
The article on
synthetic fuels
was very informa-
tive and encour-
aging in certain
respects [“Biofuels
now,” October,
page 30].
However, we
cannot
label
such fuels as “re-
newable” if they
are derived from
the destruction
of wildlife habi-
tat. Recently in
the Wall Street
Journal we read that the World
Wildlife Federation and Zoologi-
cal Society of London an-
nounced the results of their joint
study finding that we have lost
50 percent of the mass of wild
animals (all vertebrate) world-
wide over the last 40 years.
The greatest effects were in
October 2014
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A PUBLICATION OF THE AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF AERONAUTICS AND ASTRONAUTICS
Central America,
losing 83 percent
of wild animals,
largely due to
destruction of
rain forest and
jungle.
Fly clean now with
biofuels
We can rea-
sonably ask if
some of the hab-
itat loss was as-
sociated with the
cultivation
of
plants destined
to become “re-
newable” fuels.
Phil Barnes
San Pedro, Calif.
Phil@HowFliesTheAlbatross.com
The tech behind the Army’s
vertical lift competition
FAA’s Bolton on getting
NextGen on track
AEROSPACE AMERICA/OCTOBER 2014
RT
9/18/14 3:51 PM
The article “Collateral Damage”
[September, page 36] gave an incor-
rect date for Russia’s annexation of
Crimea. The article should have said
the annexation occurred in March.
Correction
QQQ
All letters addressed to the editor are considered to be submitted for possible publication, unless
it is expressly stated otherwise. All letters are subject to editing for length and to author response.
Letters should be sent to: Correspondence, Aerospace America, 1801 Alexander Bell Drive, Suite
500, Reston, VA 20191-4344, or by email to: beni@aiaa.org.
AEROSPACE AMERICA/NOVEMBER 2014
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