The_68000_Microprocessor_Veronis.pdf

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THE
68000
MICROPROCESSOR
Andrew M. Veronis, Ph.D.
Professor
Department of Electrical Engineering
Howard University
Washington, D.
C.
~
~
VAN NOSTRAND REINHOLD COMPANY
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ New York
Copyright ©1988 by Van Nostrand Reinhold Company Inc.
Library of Congress Catalog Card Number 87-13297
All rights reserved. No part of this work covered by the copyright hereon
may be reproduced or used in any form or by an means-graphic, electronic,
or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, taping, or information
storage and retrieval systems-without written permission of the publisher.
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in·Publication Data
Veronis, Andrew.
The 68000 microprocessor.
Includes index.
1. Motorola 68000 (Microprocessor) I. Title.
QA76.8.M672V47 1988
004.165
87·13297
ISBN-13: 978-1-4684-6649-2
001:
10.1007/978-1-4684-6647-8
e-ISBN-13: 978-1-4684-6647-8
This book is dedicated to my dear
mother-in-law Eleanor Hough Buckler, for
all the love and kindness she has shown me.
Preface
The Motorola MC68000 family of microprocessors is undoubtedly a revolu-
tionary set of devices. The MC68000 is the first advanced 16-bit microprocessor
with a 32-bit internal architecture and the first with 16-megabyte, nonsegment-
ed, direct memory addressing. The processor's six basic addressing modes are
equivalent to 14, when one considers all of the variations among these modes.
Combined with the device's data and instruction types, the modes provide more
than 1000 useful instructions.
The book you are about to study has been developed as an aid to the hard-
ware designer and as a supplement to the Motorola seminars on the 68000
microprocessor. The text includes a detailed description of the MC68000 and
two complete systems that show how this processor can be interfaced to the
outside world.
The book follows a "top-down" approach. A brief history of microprocessors is
provided first. Chapter 2 details the MC68000 by describing its registers, control
lines, and capabilities.
Chapter 3 introduces a small MC68000-based system. Although this system is
characterized in the book as hypothetical, it is indeed the Educational Computer
Board, used in the various Motorola seminars.
The addressing modes and instructions are explained in Chapter 4, which
includes helpful hints on how instructions can be used. Chapter 5 provides an
in-depth description of additional instructions and numerous examples.
Chapter 6 discusses exception handling and interrupts.
Chapter 7 describes how the MC68000 processor can be connected to eight-
bit and 16-bit peripheral devices. This Chapter also covers the interfacing of the
Motorola Educational Computer Board to a terminal, a modem, a printer, and a
cassette interface. Various interfacing programs are listed in this Chapter.
Chapter 8 provides full description of a second MC68000-based system, the
VU68K. This system was built initially by students of the Computer Science
Department of Vanderbilt University, and subsequently has been constructed by
some of the author's students. The most interesting part of this Chapter is the
detailed description of an operating system monitor, the VUBUG. Study of the
VUBUG provides the reader with valuable experience in the use of the MC68000
instructions, as well as in the design of a basic, but fully functional, operating
system monitor.
The writing and production of a book really involves many people, such as
reviewers, copy editors, and artists. Perhaps the only chance that an author has
to thank these people is through the preface of the book.
vii
viii
PREFACE
I wish to thank everyone who participated in the production of this book.
particularly wish to thank my friend Joe Gordon for helping me with the
illustrations.
Most authors use the preface of their book to thank their loved ones for their
patience. I wish to do the same, to thank my dear wife Elizabeth Veronis not only
for her tremendous patience but also for her active participation in the typing
and editing of the manuscript. Her help has been invaluable.
Appendices Band D are the copyrighted property of Motorola Semiconduc-
tors, Inc. and are included in this book by written permission.
Andrew M. Veronis
Annapolis, Maryland

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