Middle East @War №16 - The Military and Police Forces of the Gulf States. (1) Trucial States and United Arab Emirates, 1951-1980 (2019).pdf

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CONTENTS
Abbreviations
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
The Emirates
Trucial Oman Levies/Trucial Oman Scouts
Abu Dhabi Defence Force
Dubai Defence Force
Abu Dhabi Police
Ajman Police
Dubai Police
Federal Police
Fujairah Police Force
Ras Al Khaimah Mobile Force
Ras Al Khaimah Police
Sharjah National Guard
Sharjah Police
Umm Al Quwain National Guard
Umm Al Quwain Police
Union Defence Force/Federal Armed Force
United Arab Emirates Armed Forces
Significant foreign operations, 1951-1980
UAE military and police ranks
2
2
8
17
27
30
35
36
37
40
41
42
42
43
45
45
48
52
58
61
62
64
Bibliography
Authors’ Note
Helion & Company Limited
Unit 8 Amherst Business Centre, Budbrooke Road, Warwick CV34 5WE, England
Tel. 01926 499 619
Fax 0121 711 4075
Email: info@helion.co.uk
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Published by Helion & Company 2019
Designed and typeset by Farr out Publications, Wokingham, Berkshire
Cover designed by Paul Hewitt, Battlefield Design (www.battlefield-design.co.uk)
Printed by Henry Ling Ltd, Dorchester, Dorset
Text and maps © Athol Yates & Cliff Lord 2019
Photographs © as individually credited
Colour profiles © Tom Cooper, David Bocquelet and Anderson Subtil 2019
Every reasonable effort has been made to trace copyright holders and to obtain their permission for the use of
copyright material. The author and publisher apologize for any errors or omissions in this work, and would be grateful
if notified of any corrections that should be incorporated in future reprints or editions of this book.
All names, locations and geographic designations are those used in the UAE today, where Arabic words are invariably transliterated,
rather than transcripted. This practice was introduced because of the large number of non-Arabic speakers living in the country.
Cover: A Saracen armoured personnel carrier of the ADDF in the early 1970s (photo courtesy of Alistair MacDonald) and
a Hawker Hunter FGA.Mk 76 of the ADDF’s Air Wing of the same period (artwork profile by Tom Cooper).
ISBN
978-1-915070-19-7
British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data.
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form, or by any means,
electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the express written consent of Helion & Company Limited.
For details of other military history titles published by Helion & Company Limited contact the above address, or visit our
website: http://www.helion.co.uk. We always welcome receiving book proposals from prospective authors.
1
MIDDLE EAST@WAR VOLUME 16
ABBREVIATIONS
2IC
AA
AD
ADDF
agal
AML
AMX-30
APC
Armd
BDE
Bn
Bty
chaplis
CID
C-in-C
CMC
CO
COMTOS
Coy
DDF
dhow
DIO
est.
FAC
FAF
FCO
Fd
FFR
FHQ
FIO
FO
FPB
GHQ
GSO
HOW
HQ
Inf
khunjah
LAA
LAD
LFPG
LMG
LSO
LWB
mazri
MMG
MoD
MoU
MT
na
NCO
OC
OR
PFLOAG
puttees
QM
second-in-command
anti-aircraft
air defence
Abu Dhabi Defence Force
camel hobble worn on top of the
shemagh
Auto Mitrailleuse Légère (light armoured car)
French main battle tank
armoured personnel carrier
armoured
brigade
battalion
battery
sandals
Criminal Investigation Department
Commander-in-Chief
Central Military Command
Commanding Officer
Commander Trucial Oman Scouts
company
Dubai Defence Force
Traditional Gulf Arabic vessel
Desert Intelligence Officer
established
fast attack craft (vessel)
Federal Armed Forces
Foreign and Commonwealth Office (UK)
field
Fitted for Radio
Force Headquarters
Field Intelligence Officer
Foreign Office (UK)
fast patrol boat
general headquarters
General Staff Office
howitzer
headquarters
Infantry
dagger (Gulf States)
light anti-aircraft
light aid detachment
Land Forces Persian Gulf (UK)
light machine gun
Loan Service Officer
long wheel-base
cotton material
medium machine gun
Ministry of Defence
memorandum of understanding
motor transport
not applicable
non-commissioned officer
officer commanding
Other Ranks
Popular Front for the Liberation of Oman and the
Arabian Gulf
strip of khaki cloth covering the lower part of the leg
from the ankle to the knee
quartermaster
r.
RA
RAC
RAF
RAKMF
RAOC
RCL
RCT
RE
recce
REME
Rgt
RPC
RSigs
RSM
sabkha
SAS
shemagh
Sigcen
SLR
SNG
SO
SP
SpGp
SQN
STOL
TAC Sign
TNA
TOL
TOS
TOW
Tp
Trg
UAE
UAQNG
UDF
UK
US
wadi
WAM
WO
ruled
Royal Artillery (UK)
Royal Armoured Corps (UK)
Royal Air Force (UK)
Ras Al Khaimah Mobile Force
Royal Army Ordnance Corps (UK)
recoilless rifle
Royal Corps of Transport (UK)
Royal Engineers (UK)
reconnaissance
Royal Electrical and Mechanical Engineers (UK)
Regiment
Royal Pioneer Corps (UK)
Royal Signals (UK)
Regimental Sergeant Major
salt flat
Special Air Service (UK)
Arab cloth headdress worn with or without an
agal
Signal Centre
self-loading rifle
Sharjah National Guard
Staff Officer
self propelled
Support Group
squadron
short take-off and landing
coloured sign on front and rear of vehicles denoting
regiment or service
The National Archives (UK)
Trucial Oman Levies
Trucial Oman Scouts
tube-launched, optically tracked, wire-guided (US-
made anti-tank missile)
troop
training
United Arab Emirates
Umm Al Quwain National Guard
Union Defence Force
United Kingdom
United States
a valley
Emirates News Agency
Warrant Officer
1
THE EMIRATES
The UAE is a federation comprising seven emirates–Abu Dhabi,
Ajman, Dubai, Fujairah, Ras Al Khaimah, Sharjah and Umm Al
Quwain. Each is headed by a Ruler, which is effectively a hereditary
post held by a member of that Emirate’s Ruling Family. The UAE
was formed in 1971, with the Emirates previously being collectively
known as the Trucial States. The UAE is about the size of Scotland
with a mainland area of around 77,700 km². It is situated in the
Lower Gulf region and has coastlines in both the Arabian Gulf and
the Gulf of Oman.
The Arabian Gulf is a relatively shallow body of water with a
depth that rarely exceeds 90m. Historically, the Gulf has been valued
for its fishing and pearl oysters, and as a route for transporting goods
and people. From the early 20th century, it has been globally critical
2
THE MILITARY AND POLICE FORCES OF THE GULF STATES, VOLUME 1: TRUCIAL STATES AND UNITED ARAB EMIRATES, 1951-1980
Figure 1: The Arabian Peninsula and region
as a key route for the transport of oil and gas.
At around 400km east to west and 350km north to south, the
UAF’s mainland areas provide no strategic depth to which its military
could retreat and regroup following any large-scale attack (see
Figure 1). The country’s vulnerability is compounded by its small
population (which in 1968 was just 180,000), and the concentration
of government, population and economic activity in just a few large
cities on the Arabian Gulf coast, with smaller concentrations on the
East Coast, notably Fujairah and Khor Fakkan.
The UAE neighbours four countries – Qatar, Oman, Saudi Arabia
and Iran. Over the period from 1951 to 1980, all four disputed their
territorial or maritime boundaries with the Emirates, and these
tensions significantly drove the development of the security forces
in the Emirates. The dispute with Qatar involved the ownership
of land and islands in Abu Dhabi’s far west as at that time, the
two states shared a border. This dispute ended in the 1960s when
Britain, which was then responsible for the external affairs of all
Lower Gulf states, unilaterally decided the location of the borders.
Disputes with Oman waxed and waned over the decades, with the
major ones relevant to this book being over the border location in
the area of the inland Buraimi Oasis, adjacent to the Abu Dhabi
town of Al Ain, and eastern areas including with Ras Al Khaimah
in its north, with Dubai in the area of Hatta, and with Sharjah and
Fujairah over the size of the Omani Madhah enclave inside UAE
territory. It was only in 2002 that a final agreement on the roughly
1,000km common border between the two countries was signed.
The territorial dispute with Saudi Arabia has its origins in the
arrival of a Wahhabi force in the area in the 1800s. This provided
Saudi Arabia with a justification in 1949 to unilaterally declare a new
border line, claiming some 80 percent of the onshore territory of
Abu Dhabi and large parts of Oman. The Saudi claim included the
Al Ain/Buraimi Oases as it could provide them with a base from
which to extend their influence into both Oman and Abu Dhabi.
At that time, the oases had a population of some 25,000 spread over
nine villages. Six of these were governed by Abu Dhabi’s Ruler and
three by the Sultan of Oman. Britain, Abu Dhabi and Oman rejected
Saudi Arabia’s claim and sought negotiations. To press its claim,
in August 1952 a small Saudi force occupied Hamasa, one of the
Omani villages in Buraimi. The Saudis remained until 1955 when
the British forcefully evicted them with the support of Abu Dhabi
and local forces. Britain immediately and unilaterally declared a new
border between Abu Dhabi and Saudi Arabia.
Table 1: Key characteristics of the Emirates
Emirate or country
Abu Dhabi
Dubai
Sharjah
Ras Al Khaimah
Fujairah
Ajman
Umm Al Quwain
UAE
Capital city
Abu Dhabi
Dubai
Sharjah
Ras Al Khaimah
Fujairah
Ajman
Umm Al Quwain
Abu Dhabi
Ruling Family (Tribe
if the family is a
section of a tribe)
Al Nahyan (Bani Yas)
Al Maktoum (Bani
Yas)
Al Qasimi
Al Qasimi
Al Sharqiyyin
Al Na’im
Al Mu'alla
(Al Ali)
Resident population,
1968 numbers / (% of
Emirates population)
46,375 (26%)
58,971 (33%)
31,668 (18%)
24,387 (14%)
9,735 (5%)
4,246 (2%)
3,744 (2%)
180,226
Mainland area
km² / (% of total UAE
mainland area)
67,340 (87%)
3,885 (5%)
2,590 (3%)
1,684 (2%)
1,165 (1.5%)
259 (0.3%)
777 (1%)
77,700
0
0
0
0
97.8
Proven oil reserves
billion barrels / (% of
UAE reserves)
92.2 (93.9%)
4 (4.1%)
1.5 (1.5%)
3

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